For example, if a roommate unexpectedly moved out, the other person might conduct a detailed financial analysis rather than discussing their hurt feelings.Ĭompartmentalization: Separating components of one’s life into different categories to prevent conflicting emotions.You may encounter the Windows 10 Media Creation tool error when you use this tool. Intellectualization: Focusing on the intellectual rather than emotional consequences of a situation. Sublimation: Channeling sexual or unacceptable urges into a productive outlet, such as work or a hobby.
For instance, a man who feels insecure about his masculinity might act overly aggressive. Reaction Formation: Behaving or expressing the opposite of one’s true feelings. For example, if a manager screams at an employee, the employee doesn't scream back-but the employee may yell at her partner later that night. Rationalization: Justifying a mistake or problematic feeling with seemingly logical reasons or explanations.ĭisplacement: Redirecting an emotional reaction from the rightful recipient to another person altogether. Regression: Reverting to the behavior or emotions of an earlier developmental stage. Repression: Blocking difficult thoughts from entering into consciousness, such as a trauma survivor shutting out a tragic experience. For instance, someone with substance use disorder might not be able to clearly see his problem. ĭenial: Refusing to recognize or acknowledge real facts or experiences that would lead to anxiety. For example, if a bully constantly ridicules a peer about insecurities, the bully might be projecting his own struggle with self-esteem onto the other person. Projection: Attributing one’s unacceptable feelings or desires to someone else.
The overarching idea that people act out inner conflicts in specific ways is widely accepted. Schools of therapy other than Freud's psychoanalytic approach, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, observe similar tendencies and behaviors but attribute them to irrational beliefs rather than to the unconscious. Identifying when a patient employs a defense mechanism, such as projection, for instance, can be a helpful catalyst in the therapeutic process. Still, his theories spurred the growth of psychology, and some of his ideas-like defense mechanisms-still stand today. Freud’s framework has proven nearly impossible to empirically validate, and his methods are no longer widely used in therapy. The concept arose from the work of Sigmund Freud and his daughter Anna. They become problematic, however, when applied too frequently or for too long. Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies whereby people protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings.ĭefense mechanisms aren’t inherently bad-they can allow people to navigate painful experiences or channel their energy more productively.
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